ASĀLĪB AL-MA‘ĀNĪ SEBAGAI STRATEGI RETORIKA BAHASA ARAB:KAJIAN TERHADAP IJĀZ, IṬNĀB, DAN MUSĀWĀT

Abstract

Ilm al-Ma‘ānī is one of the main branches of balāghah that focuses on the appropriateness of linguistic expressions in relation to the context and purpose of communication (muqtaḍā al-ḥāl). One of the important discussions within this discipline is asālīb al-ma‘ānī, which refers to styles of meaning expression, including ījāz, iṭnāb, and musāwāt. These styles function as rhetorical strategies in Arabic to convey messages concisely, elaborately, or proportionally according to communicative needs. This study aims to explain the concept of asālīb al-ma‘ānī within ilm al-Ma‘ānī, to analyze the characteristics of ījāz, iṭnāb, and musāwāt along with their examples and balāghah analysis, and to examine their role as rhetorical strategies in the Arabic language. This research employs a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach to classical and contemporary balāghah sources. The findings indicate that understanding asālīb al-ma‘ānī is essential for revealing the beauty, precision, and effectiveness of Arabic expression, particularly in the Qur’an, Hadith, and Arabic literary works. Therefore, asālīb al-ma‘ānī serve as a fundamental instrument in constructing effective and contextual Arabic communication.