ASĀLĪB AL-BAYĀN DALAM KONTEKS ILMU BALĀGHAH BAHASA ARAB

Abstract

This article discusses Asālīb al-Bayān (styles of explanation) as the core of the science of al-Bayān in Arabic rhetoric. The study aims to define Asālīb al-Bayān and describe the characteristics and fundamental differences between its two main pillars: al-ḥaqīqah (literal/denotative language) and al-majāz (figurative/connotative language). This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. The data is analyzed descriptively and analytically from primary and secondary sources of balaghah science. The results of the study show that Asālīb al-Bayān is a system of linguistic style that functions to express meaning through various methods of delivery to achieve clarity, depth, and beauty of expression according to the context. It was found that al-ḥaqīqah and al-majāz form a fundamental dichotomy. Al-ḥaqīqah is straightforward, direct, and based on the original lexical meaning, while al-majāz is indirect, imaginative, and depends on special relationships ('alāqah) and context (qarīnah) for its understanding. The main differences between the two lie in the basis of meaning usage, dependence on context, communicative purpose, and level of linguistic achievement. It is from the realm of al-majāz that more complex bayan devices such as al-isti‘ārah (metaphor) and al-majāz al-mursal are born. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of Asālīb al-Bayān, especially the dichotomy of al-ḥaqīqah and al-majāz, is key to appreciating beauty, analyzing meaning accurately (especially in authoritative texts such as the Qur'an and classical literature), and producing expressive works in Arabic. This article recommends the integration of the teaching of this science in a more applicable manner and its deepening for translators and advanced researchers